2024 Author: Jasmine Walkman | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 08:29
Proteins are very important molecules in our cells. They are involved in almost all cellular functions. Each protein in the body has a specific function. Some proteins are involved in the structural of the immune system, while others are involved during movement or in defense against microbes.
Proteins differ in structure as well as in the function they perform. They are made up of a set of 20 amino acids and have different three-dimensional shapes. Below is a list of several types of proteins and their functions.
Antibodies are specialized proteins involved in protecting the body from antigens (foreign invaders). One way for antibodies to destroy antigens is by immobilizing them so that they can be destroyed by white blood cells. Contractile proteins are responsible for movement. These proteins are involved in muscle contraction and movement.
Enzymes are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions. They are often called catalysts because they accelerate chemical reactions. Hormonal proteins help coordinate certain bodily activities. Examples include insulin, oxytocin and somatotropin.
Structural proteins are fibrous and tough, they are designed to provide support to the body. Examples include keratin, collagen and elastin. Storage proteins are used to store amino acids. Examples include egg albumin and casein. Transport proteins are responsible for the movement of molecules from one place to another in the body. Examples are hemoglobin and cytochrome values.
Carbohydrates are found in a wide range of foods, such as bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, biscuits, spaghetti, soft drinks, corn and many more. They also come to our body in various forms.
Most often this happens in the form of sugars, fiber and starch. The main building block of any carbohydrate is sugar, whose molecule is simply a combination of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Starch and fiber are essentially chains of sugar molecules. Some of them contain hundreds of sugars.
Carbohydrates are grouped into two main categories. Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates that include three or more related sugars.
The digestive system handles all carbohydrates by breaking them down into single sugar molecules, as only these are small enough to pass into the bloodstream. It also converts the most digestible carbohydrates into glucose, as cells are designed to use this as a universal source of energy.
As you have all seen, the human body is unable to exist without proteins and carbohydrates, as they are an integral part of all processes in it. The recommended daily intake of protein is 0.8 g per kilogram of body weight, and for active athletes and those who engage in heavy mental load, it is from 1.2 to 3 years.
According to the latest recommendations of experts, about half of the caloric intake per day should come from carbohydrates. Given that one gram of carbohydrates contains 4 calories.
For example, if a person consumes about 2000 calories a day, then we divide their number by 2, and then the result by 4 and as a result we get the daily intake of carbohydrates, which in this case is 250 g. (2000: 2 = 1000, 1000: 4 = 250).
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